To what extent is the reluctant fundamentalist about nostalgia free essay sample

Changez regularly gives indications of wistfulness when recollecting his excursion. The crowd can see that close to the end Changez is spiraling into the perils of Nostalgia. When Changez considers his nations past he feels envious, not at America, yet at the way that the world notification America’s enormity and admires the nation yet doesn’t contemplate on Lahore’s articulated history. Changez frequently recalls New York with affection however he has a significant disdain toward America. While thinking back about his time in New York, Changez recalls the â€Å"cosmopolitan nature† of the city showed before 9/11, and what America transformed it into after 9/11. Body Paragraph 2: Erica can't relinquish the memory of her perished youth darling While she truly moves in all actuality, intellectually she is stuck in the recollections of her past. Body Paragraph 3: America After September 11 America sticks to its past. â€Å"Nostalgia was their split cocaine† TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE RELUCTANT FUNDAMENTALIST ABOUT NOSTALGIA? Wistfulness is characterized as a â€Å"sentimental yearning or thoughtful deduction for a period in the past†. We will compose a custom article test on What exactly degree is the hesitant fundamentalist about wistfulness? or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In principle sentimentality is an awesome encounter of thinking back on recollections previously, however from time to time wistfulness can effectsly affect one’s attitude. In â€Å"The Reluctant Fundamentalist† Mohsid Hamid consolidates the topic of sentimentality all through the monolog. Through his characters, Hamid representations both the constructive and contrary impacts wistfulness has on an individual. He discloses to us that whenever dealt with cautiously, wistfulness could be a type of help, yet in the event that one chooses not to move on they will lose themselves, and discover it about difficult to recognize their existence from their memory. The hero Changez opens up to the American ‘tourist’, and in doing so shows solid feeling of sentimentality that regularly assumes control over him. In numerous events Changez glances back at his time in New York with a specific level of friendship, introducing to the crowd the way that there is and consistently will be a spot â€Å"of incredible affection in [his] heart† for his adored New York. He regularly recollects the seemingly insignificant details with a feeling of yearning, for example, the tasty popcorn shrimp, â€Å"a delicacy [they] completely need Lahore†. These concise snapshots of want permits Changez to immediately bring out upon the satisfactions in America without bring helped to remember the agony and enduring he suffers during his time there. This exhibits how sentimentality can enlighten a few recollections while simultaneously obscure others. It is additionally clear through Changez the destructive risks that wistfulness can achieve. Considerably in the wake of moving to the contrary side of the world Changez â€Å"remained genuinely weaved with Erica† He started to live in his memory, ill-equipped to deal with the way that Erica is rarely returning. He clung to the expectation that she is as yet alive and looks for her reality with no prize. Changez faces a steady fight with his recollections surrendering to their ground-breaking misguided judgments of the real world. He began to show a reality that was just fiction. From multiple points of view it appears as though sentimentality is an infectious ailment which was once looked by Erica yet has now taken a hold of Changez. Erica is the young lady of Changez’s dreams. She is the perfect American socialite; agile, rich and with the attraction of a big name {Britney lances quote-find} But in spite of her external flawlessness, Erica is intellectually precarious, â€Å"struggling with a present pulling her inside herself†. After the abrupt passing of her one genuine affection Erica was lost and confounded, she didn’t realize how to carry on with an existence without him, and dissimilar to the numerous individuals who endure the departure of a friend or family member, Erica never recouped. Rather than tolerating his passing Erica frequently sentimental people her time went through with Chris, lighting up the great occasions and obscuring the terrible. While she truly moved in the realm of the living, intellectually she was left with her infected sweetheart, reluctant to give up. At long last Erica sinks so profound into her creative mind and is devoured by wistfulness. Much the same as Erica, America thinks that its hard to proceed onward from an earlier time and anticipate what's to come. After the obliteration of the Twin Towers America sticks to the past, and â€Å"was progressively offering over to the risky wistfulness at the time† America was brought somewhere around an underdeveloped nation, who’s innovative advances and information were apparently much mediocre compared to Americas, and this assault on America harmed its sense of self as well as its picture. America wouldn’t acknowledge rout by a nation that is apparently interminably second rate compared to theirs and subsequently America responded damagingly. The country out of nowhere changed its face, from multi-social to hostile to Muslim, in a moment. In spite of being aligns with Muslim nation, America assaulted them, one wold assume as a type of retribution, just as to guarantee to individuals of the world that America is a nation that one can't challenge without result. America’s inability to proceed onward from these assaults mists their choices, in these conditions they are eager to see just the obliteration brought about by a little gathering of individuals from Muslim people group and not the dynamic results of their reality in and outside their nation. In end in the novel â€Å"The Reluctant Fundamentalist† Mohsin Hamid consolidates the topic of wistfulness unnoticeably all through the novel. Through his characters, He shows the constructive and contrary impacts sentimentality can have on an individual. By contrasting sentimentality with â€Å"crack cocaine† we can expect that wistfulness can numb the agony of the real world however whenever activated all the time one gets dependent, and loses themselves in their memory, unfit to recognize a memory from the real world.

Proposed Installation of a Swimming Pool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proposed Installation of a Swimming Pool - Essay Example Since certain pools are effectively evacuated while others become a perpetual piece of a property, this is a significant thought. Identified with this idea is the kind of covering or painting which ought to be utilized for a recently developed pool. Another of your interests was the wellbeing highlights and protection risk inclusion you should convey, for your own family's security as well as for guests' inclusion or for coincidental contamination contemplations. Power for siphons and sifting gadgets, coincidental abuse of synthetic concoctions in the water and a large group of different issues are included here. While you didn't get some information about walled in areas or pool covers, we are including some data about these in this report. Since Atlanta isn't quite the semi-tropical territories of the USA, we felt you would welcome a few thoughts for safe stockpiling of the pool region in cooler climate. We did some meeting research about the expense and future of both on-ground and in-ground pools. (Answers.yahoo). This was a piece of our examination regarding which of the three pool types to prescribe to you and to furnish you with the method of reasoning for your choice. Our staff checked online destinations at costs just as the upsides and downsides of every one of the three pool types. ... Our staff checked online destinations at costs just as the advantages and disadvantages of every one of the three pool types. Obviously, size impacts cost as without a doubt as whether to incorporate with the ground or on the ground. We took a gander at different structure materials for the pool types. These incorporate fiberglass, solid, steel, aluminum and tar. We felt sure that you didn't plan to manufacture an air-filled elastic pool so we didn't look into that material. We have data on ground groundwork for the pool types. The red mud of Georgia won't give you much issue for whichever sort of pool you fabricate. In conclusion, we researched risk protection, pool spreads and fenced in areas just as cleaning and painting materials. In the following area of this report, we will separate our discoveries to help in settling on an educated choice. Discoveries of Investigation Let us initially consider the three potential pool types. They are over the ground pools, on ground pools and in ground pools. There are depictions and photographs accessible on the web (Propools). The over the ground pools are handily moved since they are made to be fairly effectively assembled and dismantled. Inside a couple of hours, the proprietor can set up the pool and fill it with water and start utilizing it. These pools sit on the ground. Simply, the pool can be dismantled for capacity or evacuation to another spot. These pools can be made of aluminum, steel or sap. (sharkline). Pepper 3 The on ground pools are better for slanting ground and are like in ground pools in that they are increasingly changeless. Their costs are somewhat higher than the costs of the over the ground pools since these pools are not handily expelled. The third kind of pool is the in ground pool. It

Computational and Computerized Methods for Authorship Attribution - 3850 Words

Computational and Computerized Methods for Authorship Attribution (Dissertation Review Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateComputational and computerized methods for authorship attributionLiterature ReviewIntroductionDetermining the authorship of a given piece of writing has raised methodological inquiries for eras. There are all kinds of groups of people including journalists, academicians, lawyers, and politicians that interested in determining the actual author of a specific text. Conventionally, a combination of investigative journalism with scientific document analysis and expert close reading of documents has been a useful method that has continually provided good results. However, because of recent developments in computerization and computational techniques, there have emerged several objective and automatic inference of text authorship.There are currently many papers on the subject of authorship attribution, some of which have frequently appeared at various conferences covering methods that depend on computation, forensics, law, and machine learning techni ques (Patrick 235). However, an indication of the best practices and techniques is still lacking in this pursuit for methods that can help determine authorship attribution. This literature review attempts, therefore, to present a survey and overview of the current methods used in determining authorship attribution. Before presenting the actual methods, however, the paper will give a quick background to authorship attribution and how to determine it.The errand of deciding or confirming the authorship of an unknown content built singularly in light of inner confirmation is an exceptionally old one, going back in any event to the medieval scholastics, for which the solid attribution of an offered content to a known antiquated power was crucial to deciding the content's veracity. All the more as of late, this issue of authorship attribution has increased more noteworthy unmistakable quality because of new applications in scientific examination, humanities grant, and electronic business, and the improvement of computational techniques for tending to the issue. In the most straightforward type of the issue, we are given illustrations of the written work of various applicant writers and are solicited to figure out which from them created a given unidentified content (Koppel, Schler Argamon 3). In this clear structure, the authorship attribution issue fits the standard advanced ideal model of a content categorization issue.The segments of content categorization frameworks are at this point genuinely well comprehended: reports are spoken to as numerical vectors that catch measurements of possibly applicable features of the content and machine-learning routines are utilized to discover classifiers that different archives that fit in with distinctive classes (Koppel, Schler Argamon 3). Then again, genuine authorship attribution issues are once in a while as rich as direct content categorization issues, in which we have a little shut arrangement of applicant creators an d basically boundless preparing content for each. There are various mixtures of attribution issues that miss the mark regarding this ideal.Authorship attribution is the process of inferring the characteristics of the author of any linguistic data. Even though this definition encompassed authorship attribution identification on different media such as text and audio file, efforts that are more concerted have remained on text-related materials (Patrick 238). Until the discovery of present-day statistics, it was impossible or difficult to answer the question about who authored a given text. Thus, for many centuries, several disputes around the authorship of text had remained unresolved. With modern statistics and advanced computers coupled with huge corpora, it is now feasible to employ specialized algorithms to retrieve authorship details by means of information retrieval methods. The whole notion of authorship attribution became popular with the invention of corpus linguistics. It is built around the identification of an authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s writing style.Text documents have inherent characteristics or fingerprints that can be used to identify the creator based on several assumptions (Pandian et al. 2512) such as the following: * A document has a single author * An author decides to make certain choices * Each author applies his/her choices consistently across multiple text documents * These choices remain in each piece of the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s literary works and could be detectedAccording to Pandian and others (2512), the problem of analyzing authorship so as to determine the credible author of a document and provide necessary evidence for demining so is divided into three categories: 1 Authorship detection: this category deals with running a comparison of several literary works to help establish if one author was responsible for writing them without actually identify the actual author. This is the case with plagiarism detection. Because this involves extracti ng a distinct writing style from different online messages, identification of lexical, content-free, structural, content-specific, and syntactic features is a key consideration in this case. 2 Authorship characterization: this involves obtaining a digest of the various author characteristics and produces the profile of the author depending on his/her writings such as writing style, cultural background, educational background, and gender. 3 Authorship identification: this kind of authorship attribution is interested in determining the probability of a particular author being the producer of a piece of writing by means of examining related or other literary works of the same authorOne method used in determining authorship attribution is called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unmaskingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. This method works by attempting to decide if any two book-length texts have a common author. While this method works for text contents that can fit into a book, it fails when applied on short text documents. By comparing the core feature set applied in representing the contents in any two-text documents, it becomes possible to establish authorship difference. For instance, if there are significant changes in feature sets between two documents, then the authors are probably different as well (Moshel et al. 285). The concept of reasonable distance measures like Burrowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Delta has been used widely. Its application leads to solving various attribution problems by means of probabilistic ranking depending the multi-dimensional Laplacian distribution over the frequencies of a word.Automated authorship attribution methods fall in two key types. First, similarity-based methods are based on measuring the distance from one document to another while attributing anonymous documents to an author with a writing style similar to that document. Second, a machine learning method employs a classification method to group or classify anonymous documents or any two documents based on known writing styles of authors. For similarity-based approach, the key concepts are the selection of document representation features, techniques such as feature space Principal Component Analysis (CPA) for reducing the dimensionality of a document, and distance metric selection.However, past cases of determining authorship attribution of a given document whose author is anonymous have been conducted mainly on documents whose authors form a small feature set (Moshe et al. 285). That is, a list of possible authors is already available thereby producing a closed candidate set. This has been common in trying to verify the author such as in cases of conducting contextual plagiarism analysis. Unfortunately, this approach has limitations in the sense that it is likely that the actual author is not among those in the candidate set.METHODS FOR DETERMINING AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTIONConventional Authorship Attribution MethodsUnitary Invariant ApproachThis is a scientific method proposed in 1987-1988 because of studying texts attributed to the four gospel books of the Bible and texts written by Bacon (Koppel, Schler Argamon 4). The logic behind the method is that authorship of a given text could be determined by studying the relationship between the length of a word and the comparative frequency of the occurrence of such a word in a piece of text. The relationship results in a distinct curve that would help determine the authorship of anonymous texts. Later, in the 20th century, statistical techniques were involved in this method with the aim of finding invariant properties of authors. Unfortunately, invariant measures such as sentence length have demonstrated themselves to be unstable or unreliable in accurately determining the authorship of text (Koppel, Schler Argamon 2-3).Multivariate Analysis ApproachThis approach finds its roots in a research by Mosteller and Wallace in 1964 where they experimented using multiple textual clues to generate information that they believed would hel p identify the authorships of text in a method called stylometric authorship attribution. In their approach, the two used Bayesian classification method on several papers, employing the concept of word frequencies based on the grammatical function of a word. They believed, basically, that if the Bayesian method were applied rigorously to a group of topic-independent functional words, the results would help identify the authorship attributes. Eventually, this approach of using certain features of text, particularly functional words led to the discovery of other newer types modeling techniques and textual features (Koppel, Schler Argamon 5).The fundamental reasoning behind these authorship attribution methods is that of relating the distance measure between an anonymous document with a set of documents viewed as being in some space (Koppel, Schler Argamon 5). In fact, this approach i... Computational and Computerized Methods for Authorship Attribution - 3850 Words Computational and Computerized Methods for Authorship Attribution (Dissertation Review Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateComputational and computerized methods for authorship attributionLiterature ReviewIntroductionDetermining the authorship of a given piece of writing has raised methodological inquiries for eras. There are all kinds of groups of people including journalists, academicians, lawyers, and politicians that interested in determining the actual author of a specific text. Conventionally, a combination of investigative journalism with scientific document analysis and expert close reading of documents has been a useful method that has continually provided good results. However, because of recent developments in computerization and computational techniques, there have emerged several objective and automatic inference of text authorship.There are currently many papers on the subject of authorship attribution, some of which have frequently appeared at various conferences covering methods that depend on computation, forensics, law, and machine learning techni ques (Patrick 235). However, an indication of the best practices and techniques is still lacking in this pursuit for methods that can help determine authorship attribution. This literature review attempts, therefore, to present a survey and overview of the current methods used in determining authorship attribution. Before presenting the actual methods, however, the paper will give a quick background to authorship attribution and how to determine it.The errand of deciding or confirming the authorship of an unknown content built singularly in light of inner confirmation is an exceptionally old one, going back in any event to the medieval scholastics, for which the solid attribution of an offered content to a known antiquated power was crucial to deciding the content's veracity. All the more as of late, this issue of authorship attribution has increased more noteworthy unmistakable quality because of new applications in scientific examination, humanities grant, and electronic business, and the improvement of computational techniques for tending to the issue. In the most straightforward type of the issue, we are given illustrations of the written work of various applicant writers and are solicited to figure out which from them created a given unidentified content (Koppel, Schler Argamon 3). In this clear structure, the authorship attribution issue fits the standard advanced ideal model of a content categorization issue.The segments of content categorization frameworks are at this point genuinely well comprehended: reports are spoken to as numerical vectors that catch measurements of possibly applicable features of the content and machine-learning routines are utilized to discover classifiers that different archives that fit in with distinctive classes (Koppel, Schler Argamon 3). Then again, genuine authorship attribution issues are once in a while as rich as direct content categorization issues, in which we have a little shut arrangement of applicant creators an d basically boundless preparing content for each. There are various mixtures of attribution issues that miss the mark regarding this ideal.Authorship attribution is the process of inferring the characteristics of the author of any linguistic data. Even though this definition encompassed authorship attribution identification on different media such as text and audio file, efforts that are more concerted have remained on text-related materials (Patrick 238). Until the discovery of present-day statistics, it was impossible or difficult to answer the question about who authored a given text. Thus, for many centuries, several disputes around the authorship of text had remained unresolved. With modern statistics and advanced computers coupled with huge corpora, it is now feasible to employ specialized algorithms to retrieve authorship details by means of information retrieval methods. The whole notion of authorship attribution became popular with the invention of corpus linguistics. It is built around the identification of an authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s writing style.Text documents have inherent characteristics or fingerprints that can be used to identify the creator based on several assumptions (Pandian et al. 2512) such as the following: * A document has a single author * An author decides to make certain choices * Each author applies his/her choices consistently across multiple text documents * These choices remain in each piece of the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s literary works and could be detectedAccording to Pandian and others (2512), the problem of analyzing authorship so as to determine the credible author of a document and provide necessary evidence for demining so is divided into three categories: 1 Authorship detection: this category deals with running a comparison of several literary works to help establish if one author was responsible for writing them without actually identify the actual author. This is the case with plagiarism detection. Because this involves extracti ng a distinct writing style from different online messages, identification of lexical, content-free, structural, content-specific, and syntactic features is a key consideration in this case. 2 Authorship characterization: this involves obtaining a digest of the various author characteristics and produces the profile of the author depending on his/her writings such as writing style, cultural background, educational background, and gender. 3 Authorship identification: this kind of authorship attribution is interested in determining the probability of a particular author being the producer of a piece of writing by means of examining related or other literary works of the same authorOne method used in determining authorship attribution is called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unmaskingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. This method works by attempting to decide if any two book-length texts have a common author. While this method works for text contents that can fit into a book, it fails when applied on short text documents. By comparing the core feature set applied in representing the contents in any two-text documents, it becomes possible to establish authorship difference. For instance, if there are significant changes in feature sets between two documents, then the authors are probably different as well (Moshel et al. 285). The concept of reasonable distance measures like Burrowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Delta has been used widely. Its application leads to solving various attribution problems by means of probabilistic ranking depending the multi-dimensional Laplacian distribution over the frequencies of a word.Automated authorship attribution methods fall in two key types. First, similarity-based methods are based on measuring the distance from one document to another while attributing anonymous documents to an author with a writing style similar to that document. Second, a machine learning method employs a classification method to group or classify anonymous documents or any two documents based on known writing styles of authors. For similarity-based approach, the key concepts are the selection of document representation features, techniques such as feature space Principal Component Analysis (CPA) for reducing the dimensionality of a document, and distance metric selection.However, past cases of determining authorship attribution of a given document whose author is anonymous have been conducted mainly on documents whose authors form a small feature set (Moshe et al. 285). That is, a list of possible authors is already available thereby producing a closed candidate set. This has been common in trying to verify the author such as in cases of conducting contextual plagiarism analysis. Unfortunately, this approach has limitations in the sense that it is likely that the actual author is not among those in the candidate set.METHODS FOR DETERMINING AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTIONConventional Authorship Attribution MethodsUnitary Invariant ApproachThis is a scientific method proposed in 1987-1988 because of studying texts attributed to the four gospel books of the Bible and texts written by Bacon (Koppel, Schler Argamon 4). The logic behind the method is that authorship of a given text could be determined by studying the relationship between the length of a word and the comparative frequency of the occurrence of such a word in a piece of text. The relationship results in a distinct curve that would help determine the authorship of anonymous texts. Later, in the 20th century, statistical techniques were involved in this method with the aim of finding invariant properties of authors. Unfortunately, invariant measures such as sentence length have demonstrated themselves to be unstable or unreliable in accurately determining the authorship of text (Koppel, Schler Argamon 2-3).Multivariate Analysis ApproachThis approach finds its roots in a research by Mosteller and Wallace in 1964 where they experimented using multiple textual clues to generate information that they believed would hel p identify the authorships of text in a method called stylometric authorship attribution. In their approach, the two used Bayesian classification method on several papers, employing the concept of word frequencies based on the grammatical function of a word. They believed, basically, that if the Bayesian method were applied rigorously to a group of topic-independent functional words, the results would help identify the authorship attributes. Eventually, this approach of using certain features of text, particularly functional words led to the discovery of other newer types modeling techniques and textual features (Koppel, Schler Argamon 5).The fundamental reasoning behind these authorship attribution methods is that of relating the distance measure between an anonymous document with a set of documents viewed as being in some space (Koppel, Schler Argamon 5). In fact, this approach i...

Opioids A Wicked Addiction - 1102 Words

A Wicked Addiction Opioids, otherwise known as prescription pain medication, are used to treat acute and chronic pain. They are the most powerful pain relievers known. When taken as directed they can be safe and effective at managing pain, however, opioids can be highly addictive. Ease of access helps people get pain medications through their physician or by having friends and family get the medication for them. With their ease of access and being highly addictive the use and misuse of opioids have become a growing epidemic. Patients should be well educated on the affects opioid use can have. More importantly instead of the use of opioids, physicians should look into alternative solutions for pain management. While pain medication is helpful with chronic pain, it is also highly addictive, doctors should be more stringent to whom and how often they prescribe pain medication. By attaching to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas of the body they reduce the sending of pain messages to the brain and reduce feelings of pain. The part of the brain that controls emotions are also changed and cause a person to feel relaxed and extremely happy, a euphoric state of being. This is when a person starts to crave the drug, the brain is saying it wants more. Natural endorphins are produced by a healthy brain on its own. Powerful cravings and physical dependence are due to the brain no longer producing the natural kind of endorphins because afterShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Opioid Addiction In The United States704 Words   |  3 Pagesunder the surface of the water in the Cape Fear River. The wicked problem facing New Hanover County is the opioid epidemic. Many communities across the United States share in this struggle. Over two million people become dependent on prescription pain pills and street opioids every year in the United States . Of those addicted, the deaths because of a heroin overdose have increased 533% between 2002 and 2016 i n the United States. If the opioid crisis had been a wildfire or hurricane, state, local,Read MoreOxycontin Abuse2542 Words   |  10 Pagesside effects of using opioids are: constipation, nausea, sedation, dizziness, vomiting, headache, dry mouth, sweating, mood changes, flushing, loss of appetite, and weakness (drugfree.org, 2013). Long Term Effects With OxyContin, as with all drugs, when one uses it chronically, a tolerance can result, which means that users need to take larger amounts of it in order to achieve that first original impact. Long-term use also can lead to physical dependence and addiction the body adapts to theRead MoreDrug Abuse : A Large Drawback Within The U. S1910 Words   |  8 Pagesthere s much nobody to curtail the wicked efforts of those fiends. Drug accessibility, is a serious issue touching the increasing use of medication is that the accessibility in our markets.‘The political and economic scenario in Islamic State of Afghanistan is up, however narcotic production and also the resultant trafficking of narcotic and its derivatives still accounts for roughly one third of Afghanistan’s total (combined licit and illicit) GDP.’Drug addiction is the continued use of any substance

Abortion Is The Right Solution - 954 Words

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Abortion would just be a gateway to get rid of a child by killing it. There are many other different ways to prevent or give away a child you do not want. Abortion isn’t the only answerRead MoreEssay about A Woman Has NO Right to Choose Muder (Abortion)1418 Words   |  6 PagesIn our nation today, abortion is being used as another form of birth control. It is not until later, that the woman realizes the mistake she made. Abortion will continue to be taken for granted until it becomes illegal. Prohibiting abortion will prevent innocent babies from being deprived of life. Lets begin this essay by reading at a true life story of a woman who had an abortion. â€Å"I learned that I was pregnant at the age of eighteen, shortly after moving in with my boyfriend. Feeling scared

Immorality and its Impact in Unwind free essay sample

Unwind, a dystopian novel written by Neal Shusterman, addresses many concerning matters in the world today and in the foreseeable future. A blatant theme that is conveyed throughout the novel is the always present need for organ donations. The importance of organs in our society and that of Unwind, is shown through the outcomes due to a deficiency of organs, the immoral ways of attaining organs, and the shocking agreement of society concerning immoral actions. In a time where technology is at its most advanced,   people still die every day due to the lack of organ donations. Organ donors are a rarity in a world where spare organs are needed. This is a highlighted issue in Unwind, where a whole system of organ donation against the will of the donor has been devised. The process of unwinding utilizes every part of the body in turn giving up your life. Unwinding is an extremity in this futuristic world, but it does address the issue of the need for organs. We see in Unwind that organ donation became such a big crisis, that a civil war was the outcome (cite). The people were stuck between deciding sides; one their own, and the one the side of justice. The country of the United States of America in Unwind have dealt with the problem of organ donation, they made the decision to prioritize lives. In our society however, there exists no such process of socially acceptable forced organ donation or self sacrifice. This problem has not yet amounted to a national concern level and for that reason we can say there is not yet a solution. The lives of those waiting on organ transplants are lost every day as the government does not give their situation enough importance. Although the people of the world we live in today choose the path that is morally correct, this does not change the people’s desperation to attain organs or make a profit. Both the society in Unwind and our society have similar needs when it comes to organ donations. Our government does not go to such extreme measures as unwinding or forceful organ donation. Our society illicitly does however. An extra organ could mean life or death for many people. Since hospitals do not have large supplies and are slow to distribute them, many in need of spare organs get them illegally (cite). Black markets provide people with what they need, but at a cost to others. Many organs found on the black market are taken unlawfully from the donor. Just recently a man in Mexico was drugged after entering a bar with his girlfriend. When receiving a routine check up from his doctor, he found that he was missing a kidney (cite). The people in both our society and in that of Unwind are conscious of their immoral decisions. In Unwind, parents willingly give up their children’s lives to lessen the stress in their own. They make the decision between their safety and that of their kids. It is not only the parents that turn in children to be unwound. In the beginning of his journey, Connor has a run in with a trucker. The trucker deceives him saying, â€Å"There are truckers who’ll take whatever you offer, then turn you in anyway (14). † This shows that there are people desperate enough to hand in innocent children with the pathetic justification of making a profit. Although we are only shown that truck drivers turn in children who come to them, it is common knowledge that world always has black markets. In this dystopia, illegal organs must be a greater concern and issue, as the lives of teenagers are not valued as much and the terms inhumane and immoral are close to nonexistent. In today’s day, unwinding would be considered unacceptable. However this is only because the need for organs has not yet escalated to what it did in Unwind, which is a civil war. Using examples from the novel Unwind and from the past history of our world, one can prove the saying, â€Å"Desperate times call for desperate measures†. Society possesses a great adaptability when it comes to committing what are considered immoralities. We see the similarities between our society and that of the novel’s through the mistreatment of others and the abandonment of children. When people reach a certain level of distress, they opt for more inhumane solutions. In Unwind, this is evident not only through unwinding itself and its whole process, but also through storking. â€Å"She considers ringing the bell and running, but she realizes that would not be a good idea. If they catch her, she’s obliged to keep the baby. † These are the thought of a girl who is abandoning her baby on a stranger’s doorstep, a girl who is storking her baby. Although this seems incredulous and ghastly, it is similar to options there are today for giving up a baby. Orphanages show the same mentality as storking. (Fact and cite) The abandonment of babies is something that we have been doing for centuries, overvaluing the life of the mother from than that of the baby. This just shows that the problem concerning organ donation is one that must be solved before it reaches new heights. The actions of people in desperate situations can be unpredictable, merciless and morally wrong. Slavery is also something that the whole of society participated in. All of society accepted the capture of an entire race when it came to profiting from it. This same mentality applies to the Second World War. The people outlawed many races and religions, never minding the fact that those were people too. Who is to say that when organ donation becomes a national or international concern, that society will not react callously or severely? Neal Shusterman addresses a very concerning issue in today’s world through his novel Unwind. He showed the importance that organ donation has for our society and the great need we have of it. Through the results of a lack of organs, the lengths that people will go to, to attain an organ and the disquieting conformity that society has when it comes to acting inhumanely and immorally, both societies of today’s world and that of a dystopian show that there have corresponding needs concerning the major problem of organ donation.

The Impact of the Internet on Journalism

Introduction â€Å"The biggest challenge facing news-media firms today is the changing means of distribution of news through the news media platforms of the Internet and telephony, which deliver news†¦at a greater pace in more accessible formats and when consumers demand them† Freer (2007 p. 101).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Internet on Journalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Freer’s words reveal that indeed the internet has an impact journalism based on the way it has swayed people from accessing news through newspapers and or televisions. The entry of the internet has proven a hard nut to crack in terms of maintaining the traditional journalists’ practices. Today, most of the audiences do not spend their time reading newspapers, watching television, or listening to the radio, as it was the case for the whole of the last century. To the younger generations, the use of social media has changed their perspective on newspapers. Today, people can access information via a variety of news channels. For instance, with the new media platform, which s the internet, one can access several media platforms at the same time through zapping. The varieties of internet-enabled information gathering and dissemination tools were not in existence until late 2000. For example, blog, RSS feeds, Gmail, podcasts, YouTube, Twitter, HD, Wi-Fi, iPods, Androids’, e-books, and Google news have been born recently with a capacity to bring revolution in the world of journalism. As newspaper readership declines, the use of social media increases. The audience is consuming megabytes of information, which is being steadily supplied by the news media. According to Bird (2009, p.293), consumers have had an excellent opportunity to access news quickly via their cell phones and or computers. Therefore, with this hint in mind, the paper reveals how the entry of the inte rnet has had significant impacts on journalism. However, it will start by giving a brief background of journalism and a highlight of its link with the internet. Background of journalism Journalism is an exercise conducted by trained people in the field of collecting information in print, audio, or visual format with a plan to transfer it to people as a way of keeping them up-to-date. Journalists have relied on traditional media since the discovery of the printing press in the 1850s. According to Schudson (2003), people relied on the newspapers and their operations for nearly a century. However, with the coming of the internet Web 2.0, there came web based communities. Many journalists and people have also learnt how to use such web applications to source for news. The audience has also gained a greater freedom of information access via social networking sites, use of wikis, use of video networking, and through blogs. As such, journalists have had to change from their traditional sty les of gathering, packaging, and distributing news to modern internet-based journalism.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, the social media poses the greatest challenge on today’s journalism. According to Deuze (2007), the challenge posed by social media on journalism may be a permanent one. Consumers are tended towards consuming what they want, where, and when they want. The internet has totally changed the face of journalism. The internet has advanced electronic journalism changing it from an information transformation career to information processing one (Schudon, 1995). Internet journalism has resulted to various impacts. It has altered the function and nature of the media, enabled citizens to contribute to media content, disseminate information, counter news via virtual network, and to participate directly in news production. In fact, Jarvis (2006) refers the internet-based media as networked journalism. Impacts of the Internet on Journalism The first impact that the internet on journalism is that it has changed the functions and nature of journalism. This impact has been realized through elimination of the role of gatekeepers. Citizens can now access unfiltered information via the internet. This case implies that, although the gatekeepers may edit certain information to fit their house rules, eliminate libel, or make it fit a certain space, the audience has other channels of accessing information. This argument means that the internet has opened more spaces for the audience. The era when the gatekeeper would edit contents for the audience has been eliminated by the internet. The internet has entirely changed the nature of journalism in the world today. Today, journalists from across the world can exchange news information in real time. The internet has promoted information exchange across the globe. Live transmissions that stream v ia YouTube and Skype form other avenues that journalists have always exploited. The quality and variety of news items have also increased with greater information exchange via the internet. Journalists are also able to control the standards of their work through live comparison with other international media. The second impact of the internet on journalism is that it has changed journalism from information diffusion to today’s’ information processing function (Schudson, 1995). The internet, which is the most recent media, has changed journalism just as other media platforms changed it. The internet is unique in that it enhances interactivity and contact with other media. This uniqueness has resulted in significant revolution in journalism and its culture. With the internet, audience and the sources take almost equal roles in the process of information production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Internet on Journalism specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The past era when the media would shoot ideas into the audience’s mind has been overtaken by time. In the past, a journalist with a notebook or a camera was likened to a monkey holding a loaded gun and hence the former magic bullet role of the media. However, according to Bruns (2005), with the wide adoption of the internet, journalists are t compared with gate watchers meaning that their role has been reduced from the active gatekeepers to dormant gate watchers. They have no ability to limit information flow: they are now watchers or better still witnesses. Journalists and citizens are now information exchangers since both rely on each other for information. Every citizen can communicate his or her opinions about certain news stories via the internet. In the same way, the audience participates in the process of information processing, which was former destined for journalists. Schudson (1995) affirms that the major relevancy of journalism in this era has been sectored on its ability to professionally process information. With the current information overload from the internet, the quality of such information cannot be trusted. Today, people can upload pictures and news stories that are slanted toward achieving certain ends. To protect themselves from information exploitation, the audiences have to continue counterchecking such information from trusted journalists. The third impact of the internet on journalism is that audiences have gained the authority to choose the information they want to consume. Bruns (2005) asserts that the internet has broken the information boundaries that existed over the years. The information world is no longer limited by the geographical space. One can share news from a far continent in real time via the internet. The audiences can also choose what to listen to or watch via the internet, for example, through YouTube. They can also choose when to watch or listen to it through the process of zapping. The internet has enabled journalists to reach out to their audience 24 hours a day. This accessibility also enables the audiences to give their feedback and or contribute to media content at any time in any day thus allowing free flow of information. Journalism has also benefitted from the impact of the internet. Callers can now e-mail or twit certain corrections of erroneous reports before they are widely disseminated. For instance, if there is an error of the number of victims to certain accidents, the eyewitness audience can instantly communicate to newsrooms for correction thus playing the role that was initially meant for a journalist before the internet era. The audience can also use the internet to end the correct background sounds, pictures, and images. The audience has the ability to capture still pictures, motion pictures, sounds, and events and transmit them to newsrooms with a click of a button.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The internet has also promoted the currency of information offered to the public. Journalists use the internet to update information constantly. The use of digital broadcasting via the internet enables people to receive constant news update at the comfort of their offices, bedrooms, and even sports thus implying that one does not have to always carry a radio or a television set everywhere he or she goes. People can also receive filtered news information whenever they want it. Bird (2009) affirms that, through the internet-enabled cell phones, audiences can search the internet for relevant news information. The internet has enabled a continuous flow of information in either dimension: from the sender to the receiver and vice versa. As many outstanding newsrooms turn towards politics, the internet has enabled the audience to access raw information before it is edited to fit certain angles. This means that the policies and preferences of certain media houses have been interfered with b y the entry of the internet. Some journalists and media houses that were turning to the extreme leftist or rightist have now been slowed down. The traditional bureaucracy that controlled the process of news production to favor certain segments has been invalidated. The internet has totally changed the one-way communication that came with analog journalism. Every day, people are exposed to new technological devices that improve on speed, frequency, and quality and quantity of information that they receive. Through the internet, journalists can now compress large chunks of information into small folders in an attempt to transfer them miles away. Deuze (2007) affirms that today’s audience is no longer passive but a key player in news processing and dissemination. The fourth impact of internet on journalism is that it has enabled the audience to contribute directly on media content and counter news. With the advent of the internet in journalism, audiences can make active contribu tions to the content that the journalist airs. Since the internet is a speedy communication media, the audience can communicate to the journalist in real time. This communication alerts the journalist on happenings in different points of the world. Journalists have also broadened their reach due to their adoption of the internet. Information that journalists relay via the television or radio is thereafter redistributed. The news is uploaded on the social networks like facebook. From these sites, more audience especially the young generation can access it. This accessibility has resulted to more integrated and quality news. People who do not have time to watch the television during news hours can also access what was covered in their absence via the internet. The new media platform heavily relies on users and gratification theory. According to this school of thought, the media will give the audiences what they want. The media content that journalists air depends on the taste and pref erences of the audience. With the coming of the internet, the trend of information flow is the two-way rather than the traditional one-way. Media audience participates directly in live programs through twitter and YouTube. Most stations have also opened call-ins. Unlike in the past when journalism was left to a few trained experts, armature journalists have come up with the internet age. Today, armature camera operators can record a live occurrence and send it via the internet to newsrooms. This strategy is another way that journalism has been enriched via the internet. One does not need to call a reporter to record an event. He or she just needs to record and send it via the internet. Due to this impact of the internet, markets for media business have become fully disjointed. Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2004) posit that, as the audience moves to other quicker and free media for information, advertisers have followed them there. This argument implies that a considerable portion of the a udience that previously depended on the old media has moved to the internet. Advertisers therefore have no choice but to follow them. The advertising markets today are using blogs and social network sites for their wares where their target markets are and hence the need for them to move with it. The internet has therefore resulted in radical changes especially in media houses that want to remain competitive in certain regions of the world. Such media houses have to hire journalists that are familiar and competitive in online journalism business because media mainly drives its profits from advertising. According to Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2004), organizations are now focused on co-creation of products with their consumers. This focus has resulted to their overly use of the internet to source for the tastes and preferences of their customers. Social network sites and blogs have taken over the role of the traditional media in this case. The internet has resulted in substantial changes in the communication industry. Information consumers can access any information they want at all times. One does not have to wait for one o’clock news to know what happened in another continent. News update internet channels are always on the lookout. However, the relevancy of journalists will remain. Conclusion In conclusion, the advent of the internet has thoroughly changed the face of journalism in the world today. Before the year 2000, most internet gadgets like iPods, Twitter, YouTube, Blogs, and Google search were not actively used in journalism. With today’s digital age, journalists cannot operate without the internet. In fact, the internet has resulted in various impacts on journalism. These impacts are, for example, change from information transmission to processing, change in the function and nature of journalism, giving the audiences authority to choose the media information they want to consume, and enabling the audience to contribute directly to media cont ent. Journalists will remain crucial for purposes of professionally processing information since journalists’ approach to news is the only way that the audience can distinguish between quality news and junk information. Reference List Bird, S. (2009). The future of journalism in the digital environment. Journalism, 10(3), 293-295. Deuze, M., Bruns, A., Neuberger, C. (2007). Feedback mechanisms. Management  Science, 49(10), 1407-1424. Freer, J. (2007). UK regional and local newspapers. In P. Anderson c G. Wood (Eds.),  The future of journalism in the advanced democracies. London: Ashgate. Jarvis, J. (2006). Networked journalism. Retrieved from https://buzzmachine.com/2006/07/05/networked-journalism/ Prahalad, C., Ramaswamy, V. (2004). Co-creation experiences: The new practice in value creation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(3), 5-14. Schudson, M., (2003). Sociology of news. New York: Norton. This essay on The Impact of the Internet on Journalism was written and submitted by user Jason F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.